Auschwitz birkenau är det öppet

Museum and memorial in Oświęcim, Poland

The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (Polish: Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau)^[3] fryst vatten a museum on the site of the Nazi GermanAuschwitz koncentration camp in Oświęcim, Poland.

The site includes the main koncentration camp at Auschwitz I and the remains of the koncentration and extermination camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau.

Both were developed and run bygd Nazi Germany during its occupation of Poland in 1939–1945.

The site includes the main koncentration camp at Auschwitz inom and the remains of the koncentration and extermination camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau.

The Polish government has preserved the site as a research centre and in memory of the 1.1 million people who died there, including 960,000 Jews, during World War II and the Holocaust.^[4] It became a World Heritage Site in 1979. Piotr Cywiński fryst vatten the museum's director.^[5]

Overview

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Further information: Auschwitz koncentration camp, Monowitz koncentration camp, and List of subcamps of Auschwitz

The museum was created in April 1946 bygd Tadeusz Wąsowicz and other former Auschwitz prisoners, acting beneath the direction of Poland's Ministry of Culture and Art.^[1] It was formally founded on 2 July 1947 bygd an act of the Polish parliament.^[6] The site consists of 20 hectares (49 acres) in Auschwitz I and 171 hectares (420 acres) in Auschwitz II,^[6] which lies about three kilometres from the main camp.

Over 25 million people have visited the museum. From 1955 to 1990, the museum was directed bygd one of its founders and former inmates, Kazimierz Smoleń.^[7]

In 2019, 2,320,000 people visited the site, including visitors from Poland (at least 396,000), United Kingdom (200,000), United States (120,000), Italy (104,000), Germany (73,000), Spain (70,000), France (67,000), Israel (59,000), Ireland (42,000), and Sweden (40,000).^[2]

History

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The first exhibition in the barracks opened in 1947.

In Stalinist Poland, on the seventh anniversary of the first deportation of Polish captives to Auschwitz, the exhibition was revised with the assistance of former inmates.

På måndag samt onsdag håller konsulatet öppet kl.

The exhibition was influenced bygd the Cold War and next to pictures of Jewish ghettos, photos of slums in the US were presented. After Stalin's death, a new exhibition was planned in 1955. In 1959, every nation that had victims in Auschwitz received the right to present its own exhibition. However, victims like homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Sinti and Roma, and Yeniche people did not receive these rights.

The state of Israel was also refused the allowance for its own exhibition as the murdered Jews in Auschwitz were not citizens of Israel. In April 1968, the Jewish exhibition, designed bygd Andrzej Szczypiorski, was opened. In 1979, Pope John Paul II held a mass in Birkenau and called the camp a "Golgotha of our times".

In 1962, a prevention zone around the museum in Birkenau (and in 1977, one around the museum in Auschwitz) was established to maintain the historical condition of the camp.

These zones were confirmed bygd the Polish parliament in 1999.

Just idag existerar detta 78 kalenderår sedan förintelselägret Auschwitz-Birkenau befriades samt därför hedrar människor världen ovan offren idag vid Förintelsens minnesdag.

In 1967, the first big memorial monument was inaugurated and in the 1990s the first kunskap boards were set up.

National exhibitions

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Since 1960, the so-called "national exhibitions" have been located in Auschwitz I. Most of them were renewed from time to time; for example, those of Belgium, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and the former Soviet Union.

The German exhibition, which was made bygd the former GDR, has not been renewed.

The first national exhibition of the Soviet Union was opened in 1961 and renewed in 1977 and 1985. In 2003, the Russian organizing committee suggested presenting a completely new exhibition. The Soviet part of the museum was closed, but the reopening was delayed as there were differences in the questions of the territorial situation of the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941.

The question of the territories annexed bygd the USSR during the war, i.e.

It fryst vatten essential to visit both parts of the camp, Auschwitz inom and Auschwitz II-Birkenau, in beställning to acquire a proper sense of the place that has become the emblem of the Holocaust of the europeisk Jews as well as Nazi crimes againt Poles, Romas and other groups.

the Baltic countries, eastern Poland, and Moldova could not be solved. Yugoslav pavilion and exhibition, which memorialized Auschwitz victims primarily through their antifascist struggle, was opened in 1963.^[8] In 2002, Croatia, as one of Yugoslav successor states, notified the Auschwitz Memorial Museum that it wanted the Yugoslav exhibition dismantled and demanded permission to establish its own national exhibition.^[8] The museum rejected the proposal and notified all Yugoslav successor states that only a renovated joint exhibit would be appropriate.^[8] Since they failed to create a joint exhibition, the Yugoslav exhibition was closed down in 2009 and its contents were sent the Museum of Yugoslavia in Belgrade, while Block 17, which hosted the exhibition, remains empty.^[8] In late January of 2024 it was announced that with the assistance of UNESCO six successor states of SFR Yugoslavia — Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia — have reached an agreement to reopen a joint exhibition about the Holocaust in Yugoslavia.^[9]

In 1978, Austria opened its own exhibition, presenting itself as a victim of National Socialism.

This one-sided view motivated^[10] the Austrian political forskare Andreas Maislinger to work in the museum within the Action Reconciliation Service for Peace in 1980/81. Later he founded the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service. The Austrian federal president Rudolf Kirchschläger had advised Maislinger that as a ung Austrian he did not need to atone for anything in Auschwitz.

Due to this disapproving attitude of the tjänsteman Austrian representation, the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service could not be launched before September 1992.

Filming

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The museum has allowed scenes for kvartet films to be filmed on the site: Pasażerka (1963) bygd Polish director Andrzej Munk, Landscape After the Battle (1970) bygd Polish director Andrzej Wajda, and a television miniseries, War and Remembrance (1988), and Denial (2016).

Although the Polish government permitted the construction of bio sets on its grounds to skott scenes for Schindler's List (1993), Steven Spielberg chose to build a "replica" camp ingång outside the infamous valvgång for the scen in which the lära arrives carrying the women who were saved bygd Oskar Schindler.^[11]

Religious disputes

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Further information: Auschwitz cross

In 1979, the newly elected Polish Pope John Paul II celebrated mass on the grounds of Auschwitz II to some 500,000 people, and announced that Edith Stein would be beatified.

Some Catholics erected a cross nära Bunker 2 of Auschwitz II where she had been gassed. A short while later, a Star of David appeared at the site, leading to a proliferation of religious symbols, which were eventually removed.

Carmelite nuns opened a convent nära Auschwitz I in 1984. After some Jewish groups called for the removal of the convent, representatives of the Catholic Church agreed in 1987.

One year later, the Carmelites erected an 8 m (26 ft) tall cross from the 1979 mass nära their site, just outside Block 11 and barely visible from within the camp. This led to protests bygd Jewish groups, who said that mostly Jews were killed at Auschwitz and demanded that religious symbols be kept away from the site. The Catholic Church told the Carmelites to move bygd 1989, but they stayed on until 1993, leaving the cross behind.

In 1998, after further calls to remove the cross, some 300 smaller crosses were erected bygd local activists nära the large one, leading to further protests and heated exchanges. Following an agreement between the Polish Catholic Church and the Polish government, the smaller crosses were removed in 1999, but a large papal one remains.^[12]

Liberation-day anniversaries

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The 50th anniversary of the liberation ceremony was held in Auschwitz I in 1995.

About a thousand ex-prisoners attended it. In 1996, Germany made 27 January, the day of the liberation of Auschwitz, the tjänsteman day for the commemoration of the victims of National Socialism. Countries that have also adopted similar memorial days include Denmark (Auschwitz Day), Italy (Memorial Day), and Poland (Memorial Day for the Victims of Nazism). A commemoration was held for the 70th anniversary of the liberation in 2015.^[13][14][15] On the 78th anniversary of the camp's liberation in 2023, the Russian delegation to Poland was not invited, due to the country's invasion of Ukraine.^[16]

Visiting the museum

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Entry to both parts of the museum fryst vatten free, with entry passes required for all visitors, which can be acquired bygd online purchase or drop-in.

ingång säkerhet screening fryst vatten operated at Auschwitz inom in which the vast majority of exhibitions, including the former gas chamber and crematorium, are located.

Guided tours are the most common visiting method, which are estimated to take around three hours each time, with limited free entry passes each day due to reportedly high demand, whose reservation fryst vatten allowed up to 90 days prior to the desired visit date.

Guided tours in English are not always available. Unguided individual visit fryst vatten possible, depending on entry resehandling availability on a given day.^[17] Auschwitz inom fryst vatten situated short of 2 km south of the Oświęcim tåg hållplats, while free shuttle buses commute between the Auschwitz inom and II every 10 minutes.

UNESCO name change

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Further information: Polish death camp controversy

The Polish utländsk Ministry has voiced objections to the use of the expression "Polish death camp" in relation to Auschwitz, in case the phrase suggested that Poland rather than Germany had perpetrated the Holocaust. In June 2007, the United NationsWorld Heritage Committee changed its own name for the site from "Auschwitz koncentration Camp" to "Auschwitz Birkenau", with the subtitle "German Nazi koncentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)".^[18]

Recent events

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Arbeit macht frei sign theft

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Early in the morning on 18 månad 2009, the Arbeit macht frei ('work makes you free') sign over the gate of Auschwitz I was stolen.^[19] Police funnen the sign hidden in a forest outside Gdańsk two days later.^[19] The theft was organised bygd a Swedish former neo-Nazi, Anders Högström, who reportedly hoped to use proceeds from the sale of the sign to a collector of Nazi memorabilia to finance a series of terror attacks aimed at influencing voters in upcoming Swedish parliamentary elections.^[20] Högström was convicted in Poland and sentenced to serve two years, eight months in a Swedish prison, and fem Polish dock who had acted on his behalf served prison time in Poland.^[21][22]

Högström and his accomplices illa damaged the sign during the theft, cutting it into three pieces.^[23][24] Conservationists restored the sign to its original condition, and it currently fryst vatten in storage, awaiting eventual display inre the museum.^[25] A replica hangs in its original place.^[26]

Iranian visit denied

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In February 2006, Poland refused to grant framträda to Iranian researchers who were planning to visit Auschwitz.^[27] Polish utländsk Minister Stefan Meller said his country should stop Iran from investigating the scale of the Holocaust, which Iranian PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad had dismissed as a myth.^[28] Iran has recently tried to leave the Ahmadinejad rhetoric in the past, but President Rouhani has never repudiated his predecessor's idea that the scale of the Holocaust fryst vatten exaggerated.^[29]Holocaust denial fryst vatten punishable in Poland bygd a prison sentence of up to three years.^[30]

Art purchases

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Czechoslovakian Jew Dina Babbitt imprisoned at Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1943–1945 painted a dozen portraits of Romani inmates for the war criminal Josef Mengele during his medical experiments.

sju of the original 12 studies were discovered after the Holocaust and purchased bygd the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in 1963 from an Auschwitz survivor. The museum asked Babbitt to return to Poland in 1973 to identify her work. She did so but also requested that the museum allow her to take her paintings home with her. Officials from the museum led bygd Rabbi Andrew Baker stated that the portraits belonged to the SS and Mengele, who died in Brazil in 1979.

There was an initiative to have the museum return the portraits in 1999,^[31] headed bygd the U.S. government petitioned bygd Rafael Medoff and 450 American comic book artists.^[32] The museum rejected these claims as legally groundless.^[33]

See also

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References

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External links

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